
This timeline traces the explosive escalation of military conflict in the Middle East following a joint US-Israeli attack on Iran on February 28, 2026. The war rapidly expanded to involve multiple countries, threatened global oil supplies through the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, and created international economic and diplomatic crises as both sides rejected ceasefire negotiations.
15 events · 2 days · 30 source articles
The United States and Israel launched a coordinated military attack on Iran, killing Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and dozens of other Iranian officials on the first day of strikes. This marks the beginning of what would become a wider regional conflict. The operation targeted both military and leadership sites in Tehran.
As the conflict expanded beyond Iran, Lebanon began experiencing significant casualties from the fighting. By this date, fatalities in Lebanon would eventually reach at least 850 deaths, according to later reports, as Israel targeted Hezbollah positions and infrastructure.
American forces conducted precision strikes on Kharg Island, Iran's primary oil export hub through which 90% of Iranian oil exports flow. The Pentagon destroyed naval mine storage, missile bunkers, and other military sites on the strategic 20-square-kilometer island in the Persian Gulf. This escalation directly targeted Iran's economic lifeline.
Iran responded to the Kharg Island strikes by effectively closing the Strait of Hormuz through attacks on commercial ships and the threat of further strikes. This critical waterway, through which 20% of the world's oil normally transits, became virtually impassable, causing global oil prices to surge and creating fears of a worldwide energy crisis.
President Trump called on major world powers including China, France, Japan, South Korea, and the United Kingdom to send naval vessels to help secure the Strait of Hormuz and escort oil tankers. This appeal came after Trump had previously alienated many US allies through aggressive rhetoric and unprecedented trade attacks, making international cooperation uncertain.
Lebanese authorities formed a delegation to negotiate with Israel for an end to hostilities. However, this diplomatic initiative came as both Iran and Israel showed no signs of reducing military operations, suggesting limited prospects for immediate peace.
In a 30-minute NBC News interview, President Trump stated that Iran wanted to negotiate a ceasefire but that he was refusing because 'the terms aren't good enough yet.' Trump demanded that any deal include Iran completely abandoning its nuclear ambitions, but declined to specify other terms. He expressed surprise that Iran had attacked other Middle Eastern countries in response to the US-Israeli operation.
Israel's military detected and responded to a new volley of missiles fired from Iran toward Israeli territory. Israeli air defense systems were mobilized to intercept the projectiles, and the IDF issued strict directives requiring civilians to follow safety protocols via social media platform X.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi publicly contradicted Trump's claims, stating Iran saw 'no reason' to negotiate with the United States. Araqchi told CBS that Iran 'never asked for a ceasefire' and noted this was the second time the US attacked while diplomatic talks were ongoing. He emphasized Iran remained 'stable and strong' and ready to defend itself.
An Iranian drone attack targeted the Ali Al Salem base in Kuwait, which hosts Italian and American military personnel. The Italian army confirmed the strikes caused no casualties. This represented an expansion of Iranian retaliation beyond direct US and Israeli targets to include regional allies hosting Western forces.
US officials responding to economic concerns predicted the war would end 'within weeks' and energy costs would fall. The Trump administration planned to announce a multinational coalition to escort ships through the Strait of Hormuz. However, these optimistic predictions contrasted sharply with Iran's continued assertiveness and refusal to negotiate.
President Trump acknowledged that the US was 'talking' with Iran, telling reporters aboard Air Force One that 'Yes, we're talking to them,' though he did not detail the nature of such discussions. He insisted 'they want to make a deal badly,' directly contradicting Iranian officials' public statements denying any interest in negotiations.
Iranian officials declared their readiness to go 'as far' as necessary in the conflict, continuing strikes on infrastructure across the Gulf region. Western powers meanwhile rejected NATO involvement in reopening the Strait of Hormuz despite Trump's pressure. The conflict had now fully engulfed the Middle East 17 days after the initial attack, threatening global economic stability.
Israel announced it would launch a ground offensive against Hezbollah forces in Lebanon, opening a significant new front in the regional conflict. This escalation came as Iran-backed groups throughout the region continued to respond to the US-Israeli operations, with the Hezbollah militia having already suffered casualties from Israeli strikes.
An Iranian retaliatory drone strike temporarily forced the closure of Dubai International Airport, a crucial global travel hub. This attack demonstrated Iran's willingness to target major civilian infrastructure in neighboring Gulf states. Meanwhile, only a small number of ships were attempting to pass through the Strait of Hormuz, with shipping reduced to a trickle due to Iranian attacks and threats.