
In late February 2026, the United States and Israel launched military strikes against Iran based on disputed nuclear weapons claims. The conflict rapidly escalated into a regional crisis affecting energy markets, financial systems, and geopolitical stability. This timeline tracks the war's progression from initial strikes through economic fallout and growing questions about exit strategies.
12 events · 2 days · 30 source articles
The United States and Israel began coordinated military operations against Iran, justified by claims about nuclear weapons development that international inspectors had already disputed. The strikes targeted Iranian military facilities and leadership, drawing immediate comparisons to the 2003 Iraq invasion's false WMD pretext. President Trump demanded Iran renounce nuclear weapons with specific phrasing, which Iran's foreign minister Abbas Araghchi said the country had already done repeatedly.
U.S. and Israeli forces successfully killed Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and dozens of senior Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps officials in targeted strikes. This represented a devastating blow to Iran's leadership structure and threw the country into immediate political uncertainty. The strikes also hit thousands of military targets across Iran, including missile launchers, drone stockpiles, and naval assets.
Israeli and American forces struck four fuel depots in Tehran and Alborz provinces, causing massive explosions that released toxic hydrocarbons, sulfur, and nitrogen oxides into the air. The Iranian Red Crescent Society issued urgent health warnings, advising residents to stay indoors and use filtered medical masks. The attacks created serious health risks from toxic clouds over populated areas.
As the war spilled into its second week, regional repercussions spiraled dramatically. Saudi Arabia intercepted waves of drones headed for targets including the diplomatic quarter in Riyadh. Kuwait reported attacks on fuel tanks at its international airport, while the country's national oil company announced production cuts due to threats to the Strait of Hormuz, through which a fifth of the world's oil and gas transits.
Iran's Revolutionary Guards announced that the country's forces could sustain an intense war for six months against the United States and Israel. Meanwhile, Israel struck Iranian commanders at a seaside hotel in the heart of Beirut, Lebanon, expanding the geographic scope of the conflict beyond Iran's borders. Tehran accused the U.S. and Israel of widening the war throughout the region.
Oil prices surged above $100 per barrel as the conflict intensified fears about energy supply disruptions. Analysts warned that the impact on oil prices would exceed the 1980s crises due to Iran's strategic position on the Strait of Hormuz. A viral analysis by Professor Jiang predicted that the U.S. was not prepared to win a prolonged war with Iran and that the resulting economic shock could collapse the American financial system.
Major European stock markets closed the week in steep decline, with Milan down 6.5%, Paris down 6.8%, and Frankfurt down 6.9%. The attacks and counterattacks in the Middle East reignited fears about energy supply chains and global economic stability. Markets exhibited what analysts called a 'puzzling trend' as gold was being sold to absorb the oil price shock.
A committee of Iran's top clerics selected Mojtaba Khamenei, son of the slain ayatollah, as the country's next supreme leader. This succession during a major regional conflict represented a profound political shock to Iran's system built on the doctrine of Velayat-e-Faqih, which had ensured continuity under two leaders for over forty years. The leadership transition added another layer of uncertainty to the region's political landscape.
UK interest rates expected to be cut in March were put on hold, with markets now predicting no rate cuts for the remainder of 2026 and a possible increase to 4% by June 2027. Before the Iran war, an 80% probability existed for a March rate cut, but this dropped to near-zero as policymakers waited to assess the conflict's development. Similar concerns about stagflation and inflation emerged across Europe.
EU finance ministers met in Brussels to discuss responses to soaring energy prices and anticipated inflation following the Middle East attacks. French Economy Minister Roland Lescure stated the G7 was prepared to take coordinated measures to stabilize markets, including tapping strategic reserves, though no final agreement was reached. The Eurogroup expressed fears of energy-shock-induced stagflation.
Kamal Kharazi, foreign policy adviser to Iran's supreme leader, stated there was no room for diplomacy with the United States and that the Iranian army was ready for a long war. This declaration came as President Trump said the war could be short-lived but left open the possibility of escalation if global oil supplies were disrupted. Analysts noted Iran appeared to be pursuing a strategy of sustained, graduated attacks aimed at producing desgaste rather than seeking a single decisive blow.
As the war continued with no clear endpoint, foreign policy analysts and Trump's own aides began pushing for an exit strategy amid rising fuel prices and waning public support. Multiple reports noted that few officials in Washington seemed willing or able to answer what the U.S. exit strategy was, with comparisons drawn to the 2003 Iraq invasion. The biggest question remained unclear: what is the endgame in Iran?