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This work was supported by the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Z231100007223007), the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFE0204900, 2023YFC3403100, 2020YFA0804300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22175107, 22305140, 82273338, 92474301, 82188120, 32321002), the Tsinghua Dushi program and the Starry Night Science Fund of Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study (SN-ZJU-SIAS-006). Illustrations in Figs. 1, 4 and 5 and Extended Data Figs. 1, 2 and 8–10 were created using BioRender (https://biorender.com).Author informationAuthor notesThese authors contributed equally: Jiaqi Lei, Kai Yang, Wanyue CaoAuthors and AffiliationsKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. ChinaJiaqi Lei, Kai Yang, Shaolong Qi, Xianlong Du, Yangfan Wang, Jinqun Gan, Yunxuan Feng, Yongcan Li, Wenjie Zhang, Bing Bai & Guocan YuDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. ChinaWanyue Cao, Qi Zhang & Tingbo LiangMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. ChinaWanyue Cao, Qi Zhang & Tingbo LiangCancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. ChinaWanyue Cao, Qi Zhang & Tingbo LiangDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. ChinaHongjian Li, Xin Lin & Guocan YuDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. ChinaXinhui SuAuthorsJiaqi LeiKai YangWanyue CaoShaolong QiXianlong DuHongjian LiYangfan WangJinqun GanYunxuan FengYongcan LiWenjie ZhangBing BaiXin LinXinhui SuQi ZhangTingbo LiangGuocan YuContributionsJ.L., K.Y., Q.Z., T.L. and G.Y. contributed to conceptualization, writing of the original draft and project administration. J.L., X.D., K.Y., S.Q. and W.C. conducted the experiments. J.L. and X.D. co-proposed the role of organ capsules in pancreatic-targeted delivery. J.L., W.Z., Y.W. and X.D. contributed to chemical synthesis. J.L., H.L. and X.L. contributed to the construction of CAR T cells. W.C. and X.S. collected the clinical samples and performed the PET–CT experiment. J.L., K.Y., S.Q., Y.W., B.B., Y.F., J.G. and Y.L. contributed to investigation. J.L., K.Y., Q.Z., T.L. and G.Y. revised the manuscript.Corresponding authorsCorrespondence to Qi Zhang, Tingbo Liang or Guocan Yu.Ethics decl