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bj.xinhuanet.com
Published about 8 hours ago

玉米 抗寒 与 高效吸收养分 难两全 ? 我国科学家找到改善新路径 - 新华网

bj.xinhuanet.com · Feb 26, 2026 · Collected from GDELT

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Published: 20260226T090000Z

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玉米原产于热带地区,对低温极为敏感。低温不仅影响玉米的生长、产量和种植范围,还会使土壤中营养元素磷的有效性下降,从而影响作物能量代谢。因此,在寒冷环境下,作物生长往往面临抗寒压力和养分不足的双重挑战。我国科学家近期的研究成果有望改善这一情况。 记者了解到,近日,中国农业大学植物抗逆高效全国重点实验室杨淑华、施怡婷教授团队揭示了玉米在协调逆境适应与养分利用中的关键分子机制,发现玉米中关键蛋白NLA在低温响应与磷吸收调控中的核心枢纽作用。相关成果2月26日在线发表于国际学术期刊《自然》。图为NLA新变体协同调控玉米耐冷性、磷吸收效率和产量稳定性工作模型。(受访者供图) 研究团队发现,NLA如同一个精密的“分流阀门”,是整合“冷-磷”协同调控的分子枢纽,使得玉米提高耐冷性的同时,抑制根系对磷的吸收。 “像一块跷跷板,如何打破玉米在低温环境下耐冷性与磷吸收效率的权衡,团队做了很多尝试。”杨淑华介绍,研究团队结合人工智能辅助的蛋白设计与基因编辑技术,构建起NLA的新变体,从而实现了蛋白功能的定向优化与重塑,创制出兼具强耐寒性和高磷利用效率的新型玉米种质,助力粮食稳产增产。 《自然》评述文章表示,这一成果为作物改良由单一性状优化迈向系统性环境适应设计提供了新的理论框架与技术路径,未来有望拓展至氮等其他土壤中关键营养元素的高效利用调控,对培育适应气候变化背景下多重胁迫环境的作物新品种具有重要意义。(记者余佩璇)


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