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保健食品消费升级 : 功能性产品成健康管理新选择 - 经济观察网 - 专业财经新闻网站

eeo.com.cn · Feb 23, 2026 · Collected from GDELT

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Published: 20260223T131500Z

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从药店货架上琳琅满目的维生素片,到电商平台上主打“增强免疫力”“改善睡眠”“缓解视觉疲劳”等功能的保健食品,消费者的健康补给选择正在发生深刻变化。根据国家市场监督管理总局公开数据,2025年全年新增备案保健食品3759款,其中国产3733款、进口26款;注册保健食品共计462款,其中国产456款、进口6款。值得关注的是,特定保健功能食品在备案与注册产品中的占比正稳步提升,折射出市场结构的深刻变化。这一数据打破了长期以来基础营养产品主导市场的格局。这意味着消费者的健康诉求,进入了更精细的“功能调节”阶段,保健食品行业也正迎来关键转型期。需求驱动:保健食品细分成必然趋势“以前买保健品,无非就是给父母带点钙片、维生素,现在更倾向于选针对高血压、失眠的功能性产品。”在北京某连锁药店,正在选购辅酶Q10的消费者龚先生的一席话,道出了当下保健食品消费的主流趋势。这一转变并非偶然。中国人民大学食品安全治理协同创新中心、中国营养保健食品协会等机构于2023年7月共同发布的《保健食品认知调查分析报告》显示,超60%的受访者将保健食品视为日常健康管理的重要补充,其中85%的受访者更倾向主动选择针对性功能产品,而非单纯的营养素补充剂。目前,我国保健食品主要划分为两类:一类是营养素补充剂,核心目的是补充人体必需的一种或多种营养素,其中以维生素、矿物质为主要成分;另一类是声称具有特定保健功能的食品,这类产品以传统养生理论与现代医学为双重支撑,聚焦机体功能调节、降低疾病发生风险,专为亚健康及特定人群设计,且明确不以治疗疾病为目的。目前,我国《允许保健食品声称的保健功能目录》共有25项。据人民日报健康客户端记者不完全统计,在上述备案的功能性产品中,辅酶Q10(479款)、破壁灵芝孢子粉(303款)、鱼油(174款)产品排前三,约占功能性产品总数量的60%。根据欧睿国际(Euromonitor)的市场数据,2024年,辅酶Q10的市场规模约为41亿元,2020~2024年复合年均增长率高达45%;鱼油市场规模约为56亿元,同期复合年均增长率为16%。细分品类的崛起背后,是不同消费群体的精准需求支撑。国家市场监督管理总局、国家卫生健康委员会、国家中医药管理局发布的《辅酶Q10等五种保健食品原料目录》明确:辅酶Q10的保健功能有增强免疫力、抗氧化,适用于成人;破壁灵芝孢子粉同样对增强免疫力方面有益,适用于免疫力低下者;鱼油则可以辅助降血脂,适用于血脂偏高者。不少人把具有功能声称的保健食品当药品吃,这是错误的。“保健食品不是药品,更不能替代药品。”国家市场监督管理总局食品审评中心原注册核查部主任、中国中医药信息学会传统医学与智慧健康分会会长白鸿强调,选购声称具有健康功效和保健功能的食品时,要认清、认准产品包装标识是普通食品、保健食品还是药品。购买保健食品,要仔细查看产品标签上的注册或备案号,认准“蓝帽子”标志,严格依据保健功能和适宜人群科学选用,并按标签、说明书的要求食用。监管适配:备案制筑牢安全防线消费需求的升级浪潮,倒逼监管体系不断优化适配。当前,我国保健食品实行备案、审评双轨制管理,这一制度设计为功能性产品的有序扩容提供了制度保障。白鸿在接受人民日报健康客户端记者采访时表示,营养素补充剂因有明确营养标准支撑,成为备案制的首要适用品类;而复方、单方功能声称类产品,需积累充足的安全与功效数据方可推进备案。“这种审慎监管模式,既精准回应了消费者对产品安全性的核心诉求,也为功能性产品的发展预留了空间。”在备案制的严格监管下,保健食品行业的安全合规水平显著提升。据国家市场监督管理总局公开信息,截至2025年4月,市场监管部门已完成全国在产在营保健食品生产企业体系检查首轮全覆盖,推动我国保健食品抽检合格率连续5年保持在99%以上。这一数据的背后,是监管部门对产品原料、生产工艺、标签标识等全链条的严格把控。以辅酶Q10 品类为例,备案制要求企业提交原料纯度检测报告、稳定性试验数据等多项资料。这在实践中有效提升了行业门槛,它促使企业必须建立完善的质量管理体系,将合规控制从“事后应对”转向“事前预防”。在白鸿看来,健康意识提升催生的需求增长,与监管层面的安全把控形成了天然的动态平衡。消费者既期待备案产品更加丰富,以拓宽选择范围、获取更优价格,又对产品的安全性、功效真实性提出了更高要求;而备案制的推行以产品经过市场验证、安全数据成熟为前提,有效规避了为追求审批速度而牺牲安全的风险。破局同质化:创新驱动行业进阶需求爆发与监管完善的双重驱动下,保健食品市场的“黄金时代”已然来临,但行业发展并非一帆风顺。当前,功能性产品市场正面临同质化竞争的阶段性挑战。白鸿分析,核心原因在于热门成分的安全性与功效性已形成行业共识,企业入局门槛相对较低。“这并非行业技术水平不足,而是产业创新能力尚未完全跟上需求升级的步伐。”同质化竞争在短期内降低了消费者的购买成本,但从长远来看,其弊端逐渐显现。一方面,大量企业扎堆热门成分,导致市场竞争加剧,产品溢价空间被压缩;另一方面,小众但具有潜力的成分难以获得市场关注,制约了行业的多元化发展。中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院副教授朱毅也认为,功能性成分集中化是“大浪淘沙”的结果。成熟成分经过长时间研究积累和公众认知培养,形成市场热点,企业无需投入过多成本吸引消费者,自然更倾向于聚焦这些领域。但这种集中化也让一些有潜力的小众成分被埋没,加剧了同质化竞争。破局之路,在于创新。白鸿认为,消费需求的精细化趋势,正倒逼企业加大创新投入,差异化研发成为突破竞争瓶颈的关键。“未来保健食品市场的核心增长点在于精准保健与功能声称细化。”他举例说,增强免疫力可细化至细胞免疫、体液免疫的维度,调脂功能可聚焦于甘油三酯或胆固醇的精准调节。这种细化不仅便于消费者根据自身状况进行精准选择,也能引导企业深耕细分领域,强化核心竞争力。监管部门也在积极为创新铺路。2023年8月实施的《保健食品新功能及产品技术评价实施细则 (试行)》,建立了新功能建议与注册关联审查程序,采用“政府发布+企业创新”的动态管理模式,并组建新功能审评咨询专家联审平台,为创新研发提供专业技术支撑。“新功能评价采用‘申请人提供方法+审评机构验证’的模式,赋予企业更多研发自主权。”白鸿表示,这一制度创新已吸引头部企业聚焦细分需求开展研发,与消费者对精准保健的需求高度契合。朱毅预判,未来保健食品行业将呈现三大创新方向:一是针对肠道菌群、脑健康、情绪睡眠等细分领域的功能深挖;二是剂型技术创新,提高功能成分的生物利用度、稳定性和靶向性;三是跨学科联动,如保健食品与可穿戴设备的结合,动态血糖监测仪与抗糖产品联动,通过实时监测生理数据,实现营养补给的精准触发。此外,传统药食同源成分的现代化开发,也将成为行业创新的重要赛道。从基础营养到功能细分,保健食品市场的转型之路,既是消费需求升级的必然结果,也是行业高质量发展的必经之路。在需求驱动、监管护航、创新引领的三重作用下,未来的保健食品市场将更加精准、多元、安全,为消费者的健康管理提供更有力的支撑。


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